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   1  If you read this file _as_is_, just ignore the funny characters you
   2  see. It is written in the POD format (see pod/perlpod.pod) which is
   3  specially designed to be readable as is.
   4  
   5  =head1 NAME
   6  
   7  README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
   8  
   9  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  10  
  11  This document will help you configure, make, test and install Perl
  12  on Cygwin.  This document also describes features of Cygwin that will
  13  affect how Perl behaves at runtime.
  14  
  15  B<NOTE:> There are pre-built Perl packages available for Cygwin and a
  16  version of Perl is provided in the normal Cygwin install.  If you do
  17  not need to customize the configuration, consider using one of those
  18  packages.
  19  
  20  
  21  =head1 PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
  22  
  23  =head2 Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
  24  
  25  The Cygwin tools are ports of the popular GNU development tools for Win32
  26  platforms.  They run thanks to the Cygwin library which provides the UNIX
  27  system calls and environment these programs expect.  More information
  28  about this project can be found at:
  29  
  30    F<http://www.cygwin.com/>
  31  
  32  A recent net or commercial release of Cygwin is required.
  33  
  34  At the time this document was last updated, Cygwin 1.5.24 was current.
  35  
  36  
  37  =head2 Cygwin Configuration
  38  
  39  While building Perl some changes may be necessary to your Cygwin setup so
  40  that Perl builds cleanly.  These changes are B<not> required for normal
  41  Perl usage.
  42  
  43  B<NOTE:> The binaries that are built will run on all Win32 versions.
  44  They do not depend on your host system (Win9x/WinME, WinNT/Win2K)
  45  or your Cygwin configuration (I<ntea>, I<ntsec>, binary/text mounts).
  46  The only dependencies come from hard-coded pathnames like C</usr/local>.
  47  However, your host system and Cygwin configuration will affect Perl's
  48  runtime behavior (see L</"TEST">).
  49  
  50  =over 4
  51  
  52  =item * C<PATH>
  53  
  54  Set the C<PATH> environment variable so that Configure finds the Cygwin
  55  versions of programs.  Any Windows directories should be removed or
  56  moved to the end of your C<PATH>.
  57  
  58  =item * I<nroff>
  59  
  60  If you do not have I<nroff> (which is part of the I<groff> package),
  61  Configure will B<not> prompt you to install I<man> pages.
  62  
  63  =item * Permissions
  64  
  65  On WinNT with either the I<ntea> or I<ntsec> C<CYGWIN> settings, directory
  66  and file permissions may not be set correctly.  Since the build process
  67  creates directories and files, to be safe you may want to run a
  68  C<chmod -R +w *> on the entire Perl source tree.
  69  
  70  Also, it is a well known WinNT "feature" that files created by a login
  71  that is a member of the I<Administrators> group will be owned by the
  72  I<Administrators> group.  Depending on your umask, you may find that you
  73  can not write to files that you just created (because you are no longer
  74  the owner).  When using the I<ntsec> C<CYGWIN> setting, this is not an
  75  issue because it "corrects" the ownership to what you would expect on
  76  a UNIX system.
  77  
  78  =back
  79  
  80  =head1 CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
  81  
  82  The default options gathered by Configure with the assistance of
  83  F<hints/cygwin.sh> will build a Perl that supports dynamic loading
  84  (which requires a shared F<libperl.dll>).
  85  
  86  This will run Configure and keep a record:
  87  
  88    ./Configure 2>&1 | tee log.configure
  89  
  90  If you are willing to accept all the defaults run Configure with B<-de>.
  91  However, several useful customizations are available.
  92  
  93  =head2 Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
  94  
  95  It is possible to strip the EXEs and DLLs created by the build process.
  96  The resulting binaries will be significantly smaller.  If you want the
  97  binaries to be stripped, you can either add a B<-s> option when Configure
  98  prompts you,
  99  
 100    Any additional ld flags (NOT including libraries)? [none] -s
 101    Any special flags to pass to g++ to create a dynamically loaded library?
 102    [none] -s
 103    Any special flags to pass to gcc to use dynamic linking? [none] -s
 104  
 105  or you can edit F<hints/cygwin.sh> and uncomment the relevant variables
 106  near the end of the file.
 107  
 108  =head2 Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
 109  
 110  Several Perl functions and modules depend on the existence of
 111  some optional libraries.  Configure will find them if they are
 112  installed in one of the directories listed as being used for library
 113  searches.  Pre-built packages for most of these are available from
 114  the Cygwin installer.
 115  
 116  =over 4
 117  
 118  =item * C<-lcrypt>
 119  
 120  The crypt package distributed with Cygwin is a Linux compatible 56-bit
 121  DES crypt port by Corinna Vinschen.
 122  
 123  Alternatively, the crypt libraries in GNU libc have been ported to Cygwin.
 124  
 125  The DES based Ultra Fast Crypt port was done by Alexey Truhan:
 126  
 127    ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/pc/gnuwin32/cygwin/porters/Okhapkin_Sergey/cw32crypt-dist-0.tgz
 128  
 129  NOTE: There are various export restrictions on DES implementations,
 130  see the glibc README for more details.
 131  
 132  The MD5 port was done by Andy Piper:
 133  
 134    ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/pc/gnuwin32/cygwin/porters/Okhapkin_Sergey/libcrypt.tgz
 135  
 136  =item * C<-lgdbm_compat> (C<use GDBM_File>)
 137  
 138  GDBM is available for Cygwin.
 139  
 140  NOTE: The GDBM library only works on NTFS partitions.
 141  
 142  =item * C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>)
 143  
 144  BerkeleyDB is available for Cygwin.
 145  
 146  NOTE: The BerkeleyDB library only completely works on NTFS partitions
 147  and db-4.3 is flawed.
 148  
 149  =item * C<cygserver> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
 150  
 151  A port of SysV IPC is available for Cygwin.
 152  
 153  NOTE: This has B<not> been extensively tested.  In particular,
 154  C<d_semctl_semun> is undefined because it fails a Configure test
 155  and on Win9x the I<shm*()> functions seem to hang.  It also creates
 156  a compile time dependency because F<perl.h> includes F<<sys/ipc.h>>
 157  and F<<sys/sem.h>> (which will be required in the future when compiling
 158  CPAN modules). CURRENTLY NOT SUPPORTED!
 159  
 160  =item * C<-lutil>
 161  
 162  Included with the standard Cygwin netrelease is the inetutils package
 163  which includes libutil.a.
 164  
 165  =back
 166  
 167  =head2 Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
 168  
 169  The F<INSTALL> document describes several Configure-time options.  Some of
 170  these will work with Cygwin, others are not yet possible.  Also, some of
 171  these are experimental.  You can either select an option when Configure
 172  prompts you or you can define (undefine) symbols on the command line.
 173  
 174  =over 4
 175  
 176  =item * C<-Uusedl>
 177  
 178  Undefining this symbol forces Perl to be compiled statically.
 179  
 180  =item * C<-Uusemymalloc>
 181  
 182  By default Perl uses the C<malloc()> included with the Perl source.  If you
 183  want to force Perl to build with the system C<malloc()> undefine this symbol.
 184  
 185  =item * C<-Uuseperlio>
 186  
 187  Undefining this symbol disables the PerlIO abstraction.  PerlIO is now the
 188  default; it is not recommended to disable PerlIO.
 189  
 190  =item * C<-Dusemultiplicity>
 191  
 192  Multiplicity is required when embedding Perl in a C program and using
 193  more than one interpreter instance.  This works with the Cygwin port.
 194  
 195  =item * C<-Duse64bitint>
 196  
 197  By default Perl uses 32 bit integers.  If you want to use larger 64
 198  bit integers, define this symbol.
 199  
 200  =item * C<-Duselongdouble>
 201  
 202  I<gcc> supports long doubles (12 bytes).  However, several additional
 203  long double math functions are necessary to use them within Perl
 204  (I<{atan2, cos, exp, floor, fmod, frexp, isnan, log, modf, pow, sin, sqrt}l,
 205  strtold>).
 206  These are B<not> yet available with Cygwin.
 207  
 208  =item * C<-Dusethreads>
 209  
 210  POSIX threads are implemented in Cygwin, define this symbol if you want
 211  a threaded perl.
 212  
 213  =item * C<-Duselargefiles>
 214  
 215  Cygwin uses 64-bit integers for internal size and position calculations,
 216  this will be correctly detected and defined by Configure.
 217  
 218  =item * C<-Dmksymlinks>
 219  
 220  Use this to build perl outside of the source tree.  This works with Cygwin.
 221  Details can be found in the F<INSTALL> document.  This is the recommended
 222  way to build perl from sources.
 223  
 224  =back
 225  
 226  =head2 Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
 227  
 228  You may see some messages during Configure that seem suspicious.
 229  
 230  =over 4
 231  
 232  =item * Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>
 233  
 234  Win9x does not correctly report C<EOF> with a non-blocking read on a
 235  closed pipe.  You will see the following messages:
 236  
 237    But it also returns -1 to signal EOF, so be careful!
 238    WARNING: you can't distinguish between EOF and no data!
 239  
 240    *** WHOA THERE!!! ***
 241        The recommended value for $d_eofnblk on this machine was "define"!
 242        Keep the recommended value? [y]
 243  
 244  At least for consistency with WinNT, you should keep the recommended
 245  value.
 246  
 247  =item * Compiler/Preprocessor defines
 248  
 249  The following error occurs because of the Cygwin C<#define> of
 250  C<_LONG_DOUBLE>:
 251  
 252    Guessing which symbols your C compiler and preprocessor define...
 253    try.c:<line#>: missing binary operator
 254  
 255  This failure does not seem to cause any problems.  With older gcc
 256  versions, "parse error" is reported instead of "missing binary
 257  operator".
 258  
 259  =back
 260  
 261  =head1 MAKE ON CYGWIN
 262  
 263  Simply run I<make> and wait:
 264  
 265    make 2>&1 | tee log.make
 266  
 267  =head1 TEST ON CYGWIN
 268  
 269  There are two steps to running the test suite:
 270  
 271    make test 2>&1 | tee log.make-test
 272  
 273    cd t; ./perl harness 2>&1 | tee ../log.harness
 274  
 275  The same tests are run both times, but more information is provided when
 276  running as C<./perl harness>.
 277  
 278  Test results vary depending on your host system and your Cygwin
 279  configuration.  If a test can pass in some Cygwin setup, it is always
 280  attempted and explainable test failures are documented.  It is possible
 281  for Perl to pass all the tests, but it is more likely that some tests
 282  will fail for one of the reasons listed below.
 283  
 284  =head2 File Permissions on Cygwin
 285  
 286  UNIX file permissions are based on sets of mode bits for
 287  {read,write,execute} for each {user,group,other}.  By default Cygwin
 288  only tracks the Win32 read-only attribute represented as the UNIX file
 289  user write bit (files are always readable, files are executable if they
 290  have a F<.{com,bat,exe}> extension or begin with C<#!>, directories are
 291  always readable and executable).  On WinNT with the I<ntea> C<CYGWIN>
 292  setting, the additional mode bits are stored as extended file attributes.
 293  On WinNT with the default I<ntsec> C<CYGWIN> setting, permissions use the
 294  standard WinNT security descriptors and access control lists. Without one of
 295  these options, these tests will fail (listing not updated yet):
 296  
 297    Failed Test           List of failed
 298    ------------------------------------
 299    io/fs.t               5, 7, 9-10
 300    lib/anydbm.t          2
 301    lib/db-btree.t        20
 302    lib/db-hash.t         16
 303    lib/db-recno.t        18
 304    lib/gdbm.t            2
 305    lib/ndbm.t            2
 306    lib/odbm.t            2
 307    lib/sdbm.t            2
 308    op/stat.t             9, 20 (.tmp not an executable extension)
 309  
 310  =head2 NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
 311  
 312  Do not use NDBM_File or ODBM_File on FAT filesystem.  They can be
 313  built on a FAT filesystem, but many tests will fail:
 314  
 315   ../ext/NDBM_File/ndbm.t       13  3328    71   59  83.10%  1-2 4 16-71
 316   ../ext/ODBM_File/odbm.t      255 65280    ??   ??       %  ??
 317   ../lib/AnyDBM_File.t           2   512    12    2  16.67%  1 4
 318   ../lib/Memoize/t/errors.t      0   139    11    5  45.45%  7-11
 319   ../lib/Memoize/t/tie_ndbm.t   13  3328     4    4 100.00%  1-4
 320   run/fresh_perl.t                          97    1   1.03%  91
 321  
 322  If you intend to run only on FAT (or if using AnyDBM_File on FAT),
 323  run Configure with the -Ui_ndbm and -Ui_dbm options to prevent
 324  NDBM_File and ODBM_File being built.
 325  
 326  With NTFS (and no CYGWIN=nontsec), there should be no problems even if
 327  perl was built on FAT.
 328  
 329  =head2 C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
 330  
 331  A C<fork()> failure may result in the following tests failing:
 332  
 333    ext/IO/lib/IO/t/io_multihomed.t
 334    ext/IO/lib/IO/t/io_sock.t
 335    ext/IO/lib/IO/t/io_unix.t
 336  
 337  See comment on fork in L<Miscellaneous> below.
 338  
 339  =head1 Specific features of the Cygwin port
 340  
 341  =head2 Script Portability on Cygwin
 342  
 343  Cygwin does an outstanding job of providing UNIX-like semantics on top of
 344  Win32 systems.  However, in addition to the items noted above, there are
 345  some differences that you should know about.  This is a very brief guide
 346  to portability, more information can be found in the Cygwin documentation.
 347  
 348  =over 4
 349  
 350  =item * Pathnames
 351  
 352  Cygwin pathnames can be separated by forward (F</>) or backward (F<\\>)
 353  slashes.  They may also begin with drive letters (F<C:>) or Universal
 354  Naming Codes (F<//UNC>).  DOS device names (F<aux>, F<con>, F<prn>,
 355  F<com*>, F<lpt?>, F<nul>) are invalid as base filenames.  However, they
 356  can be used in extensions (e.g., F<hello.aux>).  Names may contain all
 357  printable characters except these:
 358  
 359    : * ? " < > |
 360  
 361  File names are case insensitive, but case preserving.  A pathname that
 362  contains a backslash or drive letter is a Win32 pathname (and not subject
 363  to the translations applied to POSIX style pathnames).
 364  
 365  For conversion we have C<Cygwin::win_to_posix_path()> and
 366  C<Cygwin::posix_to_win_path()>.
 367  
 368  Pathnames may not contain Unicode characters. C<Cygwin> still uses the
 369  ANSI API calls and no Unicode calls because of newlib deficiencies.
 370  There's an unofficial unicode patch for cygwin at
 371  F<http://www.okisoft.co.jp/esc/utf8-cygwin/>
 372  
 373  =item * Text/Binary
 374  
 375  When a file is opened it is in either text or binary mode.  In text mode
 376  a file is subject to CR/LF/Ctrl-Z translations.  With Cygwin, the default
 377  mode for an C<open()> is determined by the mode of the mount that underlies
 378  the file. See C<Cygwin::is_binmount()>. Perl provides a C<binmode()> function
 379  to set binary mode on files that otherwise would be treated as text.
 380  C<sysopen()> with the C<O_TEXT> flag sets text mode on files that otherwise
 381  would be treated as binary:
 382  
 383      sysopen(FOO, "bar", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TEXT)
 384  
 385  C<lseek()>, C<tell()> and C<sysseek()> only work with files opened in binary
 386  mode.
 387  
 388  The text/binary issue is covered at length in the Cygwin documentation.
 389  
 390  =item * PerlIO
 391  
 392  PerlIO overrides the default Cygwin Text/Binary behaviour.  A file will
 393  always be treated as binary, regardless of the mode of the mount it lives
 394  on, just like it is in UNIX.  So CR/LF translation needs to be requested in
 395  either the C<open()> call like this:
 396  
 397    open(FH, ">:crlf", "out.txt");
 398  
 399  which will do conversion from LF to CR/LF on the output, or in the
 400  environment settings (add this to your .bashrc):
 401  
 402    export PERLIO=crlf
 403  
 404  which will pull in the crlf PerlIO layer which does LF -> CRLF conversion
 405  on every output generated by perl.
 406  
 407  =item * F<.exe>
 408  
 409  The Cygwin C<stat()>, C<lstat()> and C<readlink()> functions make the F<.exe>
 410  extension transparent by looking for F<foo.exe> when you ask for F<foo>
 411  (unless a F<foo> also exists).  Cygwin does not require a F<.exe>
 412  extension, but I<gcc> adds it automatically when building a program.
 413  However, when accessing an executable as a normal file (e.g., I<cp>
 414  in a makefile) the F<.exe> is not transparent.  The I<install> included
 415  with Cygwin automatically appends a F<.exe> when necessary.
 416  
 417  =item * Cygwin vs. Windows process ids
 418  
 419  Cygwin processes have their own pid, which is different from the
 420  underlying windows pid.  Most posix compliant Proc functions expect
 421  the cygwin pid, but several Win32::Process functions expect the
 422  winpid. E.g. C<$$> is the cygwin pid of F</usr/bin/perl>, which is not
 423  the winpid.  Use C<Cygwin::winpid_to_pid()> and C<Cygwin::winpid_to_pid()>
 424  to translate between them.
 425  
 426  =item * Cygwin vs. Windows errors
 427  
 428  Under Cygwin, $^E is the same as $!.  When using L<Win32 API Functions|Win32>,
 429  use C<Win32::GetLastError()> to get the last Windows error.
 430  
 431  =item * C<chown()>
 432  
 433  On WinNT C<chown()> can change a file's user and group IDs.  On Win9x C<chown()>
 434  is a no-op, although this is appropriate since there is no security model.
 435  
 436  =item * Miscellaneous
 437  
 438  File locking using the C<F_GETLK> command to C<fcntl()> is a stub that
 439  returns C<ENOSYS>.
 440  
 441  Win9x can not C<rename()> an open file (although WinNT can).
 442  
 443  The Cygwin C<chroot()> implementation has holes (it can not restrict file
 444  access by native Win32 programs).
 445  
 446  Inplace editing C<perl -i> of files doesn't work without doing a backup
 447  of the file being edited C<perl -i.bak> because of windowish restrictions,
 448  therefore Perl adds the suffix C<.bak> automatically if you use C<perl -i>
 449  without specifying a backup extension.
 450  
 451  Using C<fork()> after loading multiple dlls may fail with an internal cygwin
 452  error like the following:
 453  
 454    C:\CYGWIN\BIN\PERL.EXE: *** couldn't allocate memory 0x10000(4128768) for 'C:\CYGWIN\LIB\PERL5\5.6.1\CYGWIN-MULTI\AUTO\SOCKET\SOCKET.DLL' alignment, Win32 error 8
 455  
 456      200 [main] perl 377147 sync_with_child: child -395691(0xB8) died before initialization with status code 0x1
 457     1370 [main] perl 377147 sync_with_child: *** child state child loading dlls
 458  
 459  Use the rebase utility to resolve the conflicting dll addresses.  The
 460  rebase package is included in the Cygwin netrelease.  Use setup.exe from
 461  F<http://www.cygwin.com/setup.exe> to install it and run rebaseall.
 462  
 463  =back
 464  
 465  =head2 Prebuilt methods:
 466  
 467  =over 4
 468  
 469  =item C<Cwd::cwd>
 470  
 471  Returns the current working directory.
 472  
 473  =item C<Cygwin::pid_to_winpid>
 474  
 475  Translates a cygwin pid to the corresponding Windows pid (which may or
 476  may not be the same).
 477  
 478  =item C<Cygwin::winpid_to_pid>
 479  
 480  Translates a Windows pid to the corresponding cygwin pid (if any).
 481  
 482  =item C<Cygwin::win_to_posix_path>
 483  
 484  Translates a Windows path to the corresponding cygwin path respecting
 485  the current mount points. With a second non-null argument returns an
 486  absolute path. Double-byte characters will not be translated.
 487  
 488  =item C<Cygwin::posix_to_win_path>
 489  
 490  Translates a cygwin path to the corresponding cygwin path respecting
 491  the current mount points. With a second non-null argument returns an
 492  absolute path. Double-byte characters will not be translated.
 493  
 494  =item C<Cygwin::mount_table()>
 495  
 496  Returns an array of [mnt_dir, mnt_fsname, mnt_type, mnt_opts].
 497  
 498    perl -e 'for $i (Cygwin::mount_table) {print join(" ",@$i),"\n";}'
 499    /bin c:\cygwin\bin system binmode,cygexec
 500    /usr/bin c:\cygwin\bin system binmode
 501    /usr/lib c:\cygwin\lib system binmode
 502    / c:\cygwin system binmode
 503    /cygdrive/c c: system binmode,noumount
 504    /cygdrive/d d: system binmode,noumount
 505    /cygdrive/e e: system binmode,noumount
 506  
 507  =item C<Cygwin::mount_flags>
 508  
 509  Returns the mount type and flags for a specified mount point.
 510  A comma-separated string of mntent->mnt_type (always
 511  "system" or "user"), then the mntent->mnt_opts, where
 512  the first is always "binmode" or "textmode".
 513  
 514    system|user,binmode|textmode,exec,cygexec,cygdrive,mixed,
 515    notexec,managed,nosuid,devfs,proc,noumount
 516  
 517  If the argument is "/cygdrive", then just the volume mount settings,
 518  and the cygdrive mount prefix are returned.
 519  
 520  User mounts override system mounts.
 521  
 522    $ perl -e 'print Cygwin::mount_flags "/usr/bin"'
 523    system,binmode,cygexec
 524    $ perl -e 'print Cygwin::mount_flags "/cygdrive"'
 525    binmode,cygdrive,/cygdrive
 526  
 527  =item C<Cygwin::is_binmount>
 528  
 529  Returns true if the given cygwin path is binary mounted, false if the
 530  path is mounted in textmode.
 531  
 532  =back
 533  
 534  =head1 INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
 535  
 536  This will install Perl, including I<man> pages.
 537  
 538    make install 2>&1 | tee log.make-install
 539  
 540  NOTE: If C<STDERR> is redirected C<make install> will B<not> prompt
 541  you to install I<perl> into F</usr/bin>.
 542  
 543  You may need to be I<Administrator> to run C<make install>.  If you
 544  are not, you must have write access to the directories in question.
 545  
 546  Information on installing the Perl documentation in HTML format can be
 547  found in the F<INSTALL> document.
 548  
 549  =head1 MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
 550  
 551  These are the files in the Perl release that contain references to Cygwin.
 552  These very brief notes attempt to explain the reason for all conditional
 553  code.  Hopefully, keeping this up to date will allow the Cygwin port to
 554  be kept as clean as possible.
 555  
 556  =over 4
 557  
 558  =item Documentation
 559  
 560    INSTALL README.cygwin README.win32 MANIFEST
 561    Changes Changes5.004 Changes5.005 Changes5.6 Changes5.8
 562    pod/perl.pod pod/perlport.pod pod/perlfaq3.pod
 563    pod/perldelta.pod pod/perl5004delta.pod pod/perl56delta.pod
 564    pod/perl561delta.pod pod/perl570delta.pod pod/perl572delta.pod
 565    pod/perl573delta.pod pod/perl58delta.pod pod/perl581delta.pod
 566    pod/perl590delta.pod pod/perlhist.pod pod/perlmodlib.pod
 567    pod/perltoc.pod pod.lst Porting/Glossary Porting/repository.pod
 568    Porting/checkAUTHORS.pl
 569    ext/Compress/Raw/Zlib/Changes ext/Compress/Raw/Zlib/README
 570    ext/Compress/Zlib/Changes ext/Cwd/Changes ext/DB_File/Changes
 571    ext/Encode/Changes ext/Sys/Syslog/Changes ext/Time/HiRes/Changes
 572    ext/Win32API/File/Changes lib/CGI/Changes lib/ExtUtils/CBuilder/Changes
 573    lib/ExtUtils/Changes lib/ExtUtils/NOTES lib/ExtUtils/PATCHING
 574    lib/ExtUtils/README lib/Module/Build/Changes lib/Net/Ping/Changes
 575    lib/Test/Harness/Changes
 576    lib/Term/ANSIColor/ChangeLog lib/Term/ANSIColor/README
 577    README.symbian symbian/TODO
 578  
 579  =item Build, Configure, Make, Install
 580  
 581    cygwin/Makefile.SHs
 582    ext/IPC/SysV/hints/cygwin.pl
 583    ext/NDBM_File/hints/cygwin.pl
 584    ext/ODBM_File/hints/cygwin.pl
 585    hints/cygwin.sh
 586    Configure             - help finding hints from uname,
 587                            shared libperl required for dynamic loading
 588    Makefile.SH Cross/Makefile-cross-SH
 589                          - linklibperl
 590    Porting/patchls       - cygwin in port list
 591    installman            - man pages with :: translated to .
 592    installperl           - install dll, install to 'pods'
 593    makedepend.SH         - uwinfix
 594    regen_lib.pl          - file permissions
 595  
 596    NetWare/Makefile
 597    plan9/mkfile
 598    symbian/sanity.pl symbian/sisify.pl
 599    hints/uwin.sh
 600    vms/descrip_mms.template
 601    win32/Makefile win32/makefile.mk
 602  
 603  =item Tests
 604  
 605    t/io/fs.t             - no file mode checks if not ntsec
 606                            skip rename() check when not check_case:relaxed
 607    t/io/tell.t           - binmode
 608    t/lib/cygwin.t        - builtin cygwin function tests
 609    t/op/groups.t         - basegroup has ID = 0
 610    t/op/magic.t          - $^X/symlink WORKAROUND, s/.exe//
 611    t/op/stat.t           - no /dev, skip Win32 ftCreationTime quirk
 612                            (cache manager sometimes preserves ctime of file
 613                            previously created and deleted), no -u (setuid)
 614    t/op/taint.t          - can't use empty path under Cygwin Perl
 615    t/op/time.t           - no tzset()
 616  
 617  =item Compiled Perl Source
 618  
 619    EXTERN.h              - __declspec(dllimport)
 620    XSUB.h                - __declspec(dllexport)
 621    cygwin/cygwin.c       - os_extras (getcwd, spawn, and several Cygwin:: functions)
 622    perl.c                - os_extras, -i.bak
 623    perl.h                - binmode
 624    doio.c                - win9x can not rename a file when it is open
 625    pp_sys.c              - do not define h_errno, init _pwent_struct.pw_comment
 626    util.c                - use setenv
 627    util.h                - PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE macro
 628    pp.c                  - Comment about Posix vs IEEE math under Cygwin
 629    perlio.c              - CR/LF mode
 630    perliol.c             - Comment about EXTCONST under Cygwin
 631  
 632  =item Compiled Module Source
 633  
 634    ext/Compress/Raw/Zlib/Makefile.PL
 635                          - Can't install via CPAN shell under Cygwin
 636    ext/Compress/Raw/Zlib/zlib-src/zutil.h
 637                          - Cygwin is Unix-like and has vsnprintf
 638    ext/Errno/Errno_pm.PL - Special handling for Win32 Perl under Cygwin
 639    ext/POSIX/POSIX.xs    - tzname defined externally
 640    ext/SDBM_File/sdbm/pair.c
 641                          - EXTCONST needs to be redefined from EXTERN.h
 642    ext/SDBM_File/sdbm/sdbm.c
 643                          - binary open
 644    ext/Sys/Syslog/Syslog.xs
 645                          - Cygwin has syslog.h
 646    ext/Sys/Syslog/win32/compile.pl
 647                          - Convert paths to Windows paths
 648    ext/Time/HiRes/HiRes.xs
 649                          - Various timers not available
 650    ext/Time/HiRes/Makefile.PL
 651                          - Find w32api/windows.h
 652    ext/Win32/Makefile.PL - Use various libraries under Cygwin
 653    ext/Win32/Win32.xs    - Child dir and child env under Cygwin
 654    ext/Win32API/File/File.xs
 655                          - _open_osfhandle not implemented under Cygwin
 656    ext/Win32CORE/Win32CORE.c
 657                          - __declspec(dllexport)
 658  
 659  =item Perl Modules/Scripts
 660  
 661    ext/B/t/OptreeCheck.pm - Comment about stderr/stdout order under Cygwin
 662    ext/Digest/SHA/bin/shasum
 663                          - Use binary mode under Cygwin
 664    ext/Sys/Syslog/win32/Win32.pm
 665                          - Convert paths to Windows paths
 666    ext/Time/HiRes/HiRes.pm
 667                          - Comment about various timers not available
 668    ext/Win32API/File/File.pm
 669                          - _open_osfhandle not implemented under Cygwin
 670    ext/Win32CORE/Win32CORE.pm
 671                          - History of Win32CORE under Cygwin
 672    lib/CGI.pm            - binmode and path separator
 673    lib/CPANPLUS/Dist/MM.pm - Commented out code that fails under Win32/Cygwin
 674    lib/CPANPLUS/Internals/Constants/Report.pm
 675                          - OS classifications
 676    lib/CPANPLUS/Internals/Constants.pm
 677                          - Contants for Cygwin
 678    lib/CPANPLUS/Internals/Report.pm
 679                          - Example of Cygwin report
 680    lib/CPANPLUS/Module.pm
 681                          - Abort if running on old Cygwin version
 682    lib/Cwd.pm            - hook to internal Cwd::cwd
 683    lib/ExtUtils/CBuilder/Platform/cygwin.pm
 684                          - use gcc for ld, and link to libperl.dll.a
 685    lib/ExtUtils/CBuilder.pm
 686                          - Cygwin is Unix-like
 687    lib/ExtUtils/Install.pm - Install and rename issues under Cygwin
 688    lib/ExtUtils/MM.pm    - OS classifications
 689    lib/ExtUtils/MM_Any.pm - Example for Cygwin
 690    lib/ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm
 691                          - require MM_Cygwin.pm
 692    lib/ExtUtils/MM_Cygwin.pm
 693                          - canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
 694    lib/File/Fetch.pm     - Comment about quotes using a Cygwin example
 695    lib/File/Find.pm      - on remote drives stat() always sets st_nlink to 1
 696    lib/File/Spec/Cygwin.pm - case_tolerant
 697    lib/File/Spec/Unix.pm - preserve //unc
 698    lib/File/Spec/Win32.pm - References a message on cygwin.com
 699    lib/File/Spec.pm      - Pulls in lib/File/Spec/Cygwin.pm
 700    lib/File/Temp.pm      - no directory sticky bit
 701    lib/Module/Build/Compat.pm - Comment references 'make' under Cygwin
 702    lib/Module/Build/Platform/cygwin.pm
 703                          - Use '.' for man page separator
 704    lib/Module/Build.pm   - Cygwin is Unix-like
 705    lib/Module/CoreList.pm - List of all module files and versions
 706    lib/Net/Domain.pm     - No domainname command under Cygwin
 707    lib/Net/Netrc.pm      - Bypass using stat() under Cygwin
 708    lib/Net/Ping.pm       - ECONREFUSED is EAGAIN under Cygwin
 709    lib/Pod/Find.pm       - Set 'pods' dir
 710    lib/Pod/Perldoc/ToMan.pm - '-c' switch for pod2man
 711    lib/Pod/Perldoc.pm    - Use 'less' pager, and use .exe extension
 712    lib/Term/ANSIColor.pm - Cygwin terminal info
 713    lib/perl5db.pl        - use stdin not /dev/tty
 714    utils/perlbug.PL      - Add CYGWIN environment variable to report
 715  
 716  =item Perl Module Tests
 717  
 718    ext/Compress/Zlib/t/14gzopen.t
 719    ext/Cwd/t/cwd.t
 720    ext/DB_File/t/db-btree.t
 721    ext/DB_File/t/db-hash.t
 722    ext/DB_File/t/db-recno.t
 723    ext/DynaLoader/t/DynaLoader.t
 724    ext/File/Glob/t/basic.t
 725    ext/GDBM_File/t/gdbm.t
 726    ext/POSIX/t/sysconf.t
 727    ext/POSIX/t/time.t
 728    ext/SDBM_File/t/sdbm.t
 729    ext/Sys/Syslog/t/syslog.t
 730    ext/Time/HiRes/t/HiRes.t
 731    ext/Win32/t/Unicode.t
 732    ext/Win32API/File/t/file.t
 733    ext/Win32CORE/t/win32core.t
 734    lib/AnyDBM_File.t
 735    lib/Archive/Extract/t/01_Archive-Extract.t
 736    lib/Archive/Tar/t/02_methods.t
 737    lib/CPANPLUS/t/05_CPANPLUS-Internals-Fetch.t
 738    lib/CPANPLUS/t/20_CPANPLUS-Dist-MM.t
 739    lib/ExtUtils/t/Embed.t
 740    lib/ExtUtils/t/eu_command.t
 741    lib/ExtUtils/t/MM_Cygwin.t
 742    lib/ExtUtils/t/MM_Unix.t
 743    lib/File/Compare.t
 744    lib/File/Copy.t
 745    lib/File/Find/t/find.t
 746    lib/File/Path.t
 747    lib/File/Spec/t/crossplatform.t
 748    lib/File/Spec/t/Spec.t
 749    lib/Module/Build/t/destinations.t
 750    lib/Net/hostent.t
 751    lib/Net/Ping/t/110_icmp_inst.t
 752    lib/Net/Ping/t/500_ping_icmp.t
 753    lib/Net/t/netrc.t
 754    lib/Pod/Simple/t/perlcyg.pod
 755    lib/Pod/Simple/t/perlcygo.txt
 756    lib/Pod/Simple/t/perlfaq.pod
 757    lib/Pod/Simple/t/perlfaqo.txt
 758    lib/User/grent.t
 759    lib/User/pwent.t
 760  
 761  =back
 762  
 763  =head1 BUGS ON CYGWIN
 764  
 765  Support for swapping real and effective user and group IDs is incomplete.
 766  On WinNT Cygwin provides C<setuid()>, C<seteuid()>, C<setgid()> and C<setegid()>.
 767  However, additional Cygwin calls for manipulating WinNT access tokens
 768  and security contexts are required.
 769  
 770  =head1 AUTHORS
 771  
 772  Charles Wilson <cwilson@ece.gatech.edu>,
 773  Eric Fifer <egf7@columbia.edu>,
 774  alexander smishlajev <als@turnhere.com>,
 775  Steven Morlock <newspost@morlock.net>,
 776  Sebastien Barre <Sebastien.Barre@utc.fr>,
 777  Teun Burgers <burgers@ecn.nl>,
 778  Gerrit P. Haase <gp@familiehaase.de>,
 779  Reini Urban <rurban@cpan.org>,
 780  Jan Dubois <jand@activestate.com>,
 781  Jerry D. Hedden <jdhedden@cpan.org>.
 782  
 783  =head1 HISTORY
 784  
 785  Last updated: 2007-09-25